The world heritage site Khirokitia-Vouni is the most extensively excavated aceramic Neolithic settlement on Cyprus. It was initially excavated by porphyrios dikaios between 1936 and 1946. Limited work was later carried out by Nicholas Stanley Price and Demos Christou, and since 1977 Alain Le Brun has continued excavations at the site. It is the type site for the Cypriot aceramic Neolithic period (early Neolithic or Khirokitia culture).

A very extensive area of the site has been cleared, revealing a closely packed array of circular houses of varied size. Most have very substantial stone foundations, with mud brick superstructure and flat roofs. In the larger examples, interior space may have been increased by platforms or mezzanine floors. A substantial stone “wall” running up the slope the full length of the excavated area has been variously interpreted, most recently as a formal boundary of the settlement marking off the safe interior from a hostile exterior. As the settlement grew, new houses were erected outside the wall, and a new wall, with a complex entry, was built. Intramural burials are a feature of the site. The economy of Khirokitia was based on an array of plants, many or which were imported to Cyprus at the beginning of the Neolithic period, and by a range of imported animals, primarily sheep, goat, pig, and deer.